Subject: RISKS DIGEST 12.70 REPLY-TO: risks@csl.sri.com RISKS-LIST: RISKS-FORUM Digest Wednesday 18 December 1991 Volume 12 : Issue 70 FORUM ON RISKS TO THE PUBLIC IN COMPUTERS AND RELATED SYSTEMS ACM Committee on Computers and Public Policy, Peter G. Neumann, moderator Contents: Life, Death, and Faxes -- Convicted forger released by bogus fax (PGN) BT ordered to pay damages for keyboard injuries (Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond) Re: Privacy of Email (Eric Florack) Re: More on E911 and representation (Erling Kristiansen) Software safety, formal methods and standards (Jonathan Bowen) [RISKS-12.BOWEN] 2nd Conf on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy (Lance J. Hoffman) The RISKS Forum is moderated. Contributions should be relevant, sound, in good taste, objective, coherent, concise, and nonrepetitious. Diversity is welcome. CONTRIBUTIONS to RISKS@CSL.SRI.COM, with relevant, substantive "Subject:" line. Others may be ignored! Contributions will not be ACKed. The load is too great. **PLEASE** INCLUDE INTERNET FROM: ADDRESS, especially .UUCP domain folks. REQUESTS please to RISKS-Request@CSL.SRI.COM. For vol i issue j, type "FTP CRVAX.SRI.COMlogin anonymousAnyNonNullPW CD RISKS:GET RISKS-i.j" (where i=1 to 12, j always TWO digits). Vol i summaries in j=00; "dir risks-*.*" gives directory; "bye" logs out. The COLON in "CD RISKS:" is essential. "CRVAX.SRI.COM" = "128.18.10.1". =CarriageReturn; FTPs may differ; UNIX prompts for username, password. ALL CONTRIBUTIONS CONSIDERED AS PERSONAL COMMENTS; USUAL DISCLAIMERS APPLY. Relevant contributions may appear in the RISKS section of regular issues of ACM SIGSOFT's SOFTWARE ENGINEERING NOTES, unless you state otherwise. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 18 Dec 91 12:06:13 PST From: "Peter G. Neumann" Subject: Life, Death, and Faxes -- Convicted forger released by bogus fax Jean Paul Barrett, a convict serving 33 years for forgery and fraud in the Pima County jail in Tuscon, Arizona, was released on 13Dec91 after receipt of a forged fax ordering his release. It appears that a copy of a legitimate release order was altered to bear HIS name. Apparently no one noticed that the faxed document lacked an originating phone number or that there was no "formal" cover sheet. The "error" was discovered when Barrett failed to show up for a court hearing. The jail releases about 60 people each day, and faxes have become standard procedure. Sheriff's Sergeant Rick Kastigar said "procedures are being changed so the error will not occur again." [Abstracted by PGN from "Fraudulent Fax Gets Forger Freed", an item in the San Francisco Chronicle, 18Dec91, p.A3] The RISKS annals contain earlier cases of people getting out of jail by altering the prison computer system database (LA County) or nearly succeeding in doing so (Santa Clara). Authentication sufficient to automagically detect bogus messages (EMail, Fax, voice mail, etc.) has been discussed here in the past, and might have been useful here. But probably not... PGN ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 16 Dec 91 22:46 BST From: "Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond" Subject: BT ordered to pay damages for keyboard injuries Oracle Teletext service (ITV, UK), 16-Dec-1991, has just reported that two former keyboard operators have been awarded 6000 pounds Sterling damages (approx. $10000) against British Telecom for pain caused by their work. It appears that the two operators suffered repetitive strain injury (RSI) because of unsuitable chairs. Judge John Byrt, sitting at a court in London's Guildhall, said that BT was not negligent by making them work too hard. " Union officials said the ruling was a breakthrough in making employers take responsibility for serious injuries caused by high-speed work on computers. " Olivier M.J. Crepin-Leblond, Elec. Eng. Dept., Imperial College London, UK. ------------------------------ Date: Tue, 17 Dec 1991 07:28:21 PST From: Eric_Florack.Wbst311@xerox.com Subject: Re: Privacy of Email (Lui, RISKS-12.69) >>A spokesman for Epson America, which is based in Torrance, CA, refused to discuss Shoars's account of the monitoring episode and insisted that her dismissal had nothing to do with her questioning of the electronic mail practice. He denied that Epson America, the United States marketing arm of a Japanese company, had a policy of monitoring electronic mail.<< Allow me to suggest that there may be some merit in this statement. I would further suggest that there was far more to Epson v Shoars than we have been led to think. Some stories I've seen circulating suggest that Shoars was far from what you would call the ideal worker, in terms of what she produced. At this point, Epson was searching for a way to eliminate her. Here, their problems began. HAve any of you who happen to be supervisors, attempted to fire a non-productive worker who was among the people supposedly trampled on by society? I'm talking about EEO laws, of course. (Before you get bent outta shape, I don't object to the concept of equality, certainly... just the way the idiots in Washington have decided to provide it.) The Shoars case is one where the real issues were being masked by supposed abuses of electronic mail, IMHO. It is perhaps this reason, that causes many to think that it's not the landmark case that Shoars, as well as certain groups, would have you think. Another point... one that nobody seems to get... is her old super still working for the company? My old school-mate, Gene Spafford and I diagree on this one, I'm afraid. As Mike Simmons says: "If the corporation owns the equipment and pays for the network, that asset belongs to the company, and it has a right to look and see if people are using it for purposes other than running the business," I would think restraint could be used on the part of the employer... and is in most cases.... (FOr example, if my employer didn't, you'd not be reading this). However, I would point out that with so much work today being done on company computers... so much of the work day focused on that one item... that watching Email is one of the few tools left to the employer to monitor the employee. Sit accross an office from someone on their terminal. Can you tell if they're doing cost estimates, if if they're laying odds on the ponies, or perhaps playing D&D? As someone recently said: If a train station is where a train stops, what is a work station? Opinions are my own, of course, and may or may not agree with official policy... but give me time.... ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 18 Dec 91 09:04:11 CET From: "E. Kristiansen - WMS" Subject: Re: More on E911 and representation (RISKS 12.69) In the Dutch telephone numbering plan, all area codes starting with 06 were unused until a few years ago, presumably "reserved for future use". When this empty can was finally opened, it quickly turned into a can of worms. Within the 06 prefix today, you find: - toll free services - services carrying a surcharge, such as party lines (10 callers randomly put in "teleconference"), sex lines, etc. - PTT special services such as Information, Fault reporting, Time, Weather - Private and public companies and institutions wanting a nation-wide number And, since mid 1991, the notion-wide emergency number 06-11! The first digit following the 06 does provide some classification, for example, 06-0 and 06-4 are toll free numbers. But this is not consistent. 06-11 is toll free, as you might assume, but the number as such is not in the 06-0 or 06-4 number group. The significance of the third digit is not widely publicized, so it is not obvious what the charge for a certain number will be, unless you study the subject rather carefully. And now the computer RISK: Many companies have programmes their PABXs to disallow calling 06 numbers because most of these have little or no relevance to the company, and many carry rather heavy surcharges. In so doing, calling the 06-11 emergency number is also blocked! Some companies start to realize the problem, and do something about it. But, to my opinion, the real problem is a bad numbering plan. An emergency number should really stand out from "common" numbers, and not be grouped together with surcharge numbers. Finally, I totally agree with Bob Frankston that more standardization is called for in numbering. I travel quite a lot to several countries, and often have difficulty remembering the international prefix when calling out from a particular country. Erling Kristiansen - ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands ------------------------------ Date: Wed, 4 Dec 91 16:54:37 GMT From: Jonathan.Bowen@prg.oxford.ac.uk Subject: Software safety, formal methods and standards I am sending you an edited version of the messages I received back from my request in this area. I have posted this to the comp.software-eng and comp.specification newsgroups. It is probably too long for comp.risks, but perhaps it would be worth including a pointer to these two newsgroups. Jonathan Bowen, PRG, Oxford. [Yes, it is much too long -- it does not even fit in one issue. It includes responses from the following: "Ben L. Di Vito" steph@edu.uci.ics.rennes bryan@edu.Stanford.asterix (Douglas L. Bryan) ramu@com.mot.corp.cadsun kuhn@swe.ncsl.nist.gov (Rick Kuhn) Steve Emmerson Nancy Leveson (2) Al Stavely Chris.Holt@newcastle.ac.uk (Chris Holt) John Rushby David Parnas Charles R. Martin" Debra Sparkman Jim Pyra heiner [unido!b21!heiner] JZ01 It can be FTPed from the CRVAX RISKS: DIRECTORY as RISKS-12.BOWEN. REMEMBER THE COLON IN "CD RISKS:" ; IT IS VITAL... PGN] ------------------------------ Date: Mon, 9 Dec 91 14:28:09 EST From: Lance J. Hoffman Subject: 2nd Conf on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy First Announcement of THE SECOND CONFERENCE ON COMPUTERS, FREEDOM, AND PRIVACY L'Enfant Plaza Hotel, Washington DC March 18-20, 1992 (A longer, complete, electronic version of this announcement is available by sending a request with any title and any message to cfp2-info@eff.org.) (The printed announcement (brochure) is available -- see end of this notice.) The rush of computers into our workplaces, homes, and institutions is drastically altering how we work and live, how we buy and sell, and with whom we communicate. Computers are obliterating traditional political and organizational boundaries, making time zones irrelevant, and bridging diverse cultures. They are fundamentally changing our culture, values, laws, traditions, and identities. The turmoil of the changes calls into question many old assumptions about privacy, freedom of speech, search and seizure, access to personal and governmental information, professional responsibilities, ethics, criminality, law enforcement, and more. The only way to sort out these issues and arrive at a consensus for action is to acknowledge that we don't know the answers -- and then, with reason and good will, to find the answers through discussion and education. That's why the Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy was founded in 1991. The Computers, Freedom, and Privacy Conference is unique. It has no "agenda for change". It seeks only to bring together people from all the major communities and interest groups that have a stake in the new world being shaped by information technology, so that they may share their ideas, ideals, concerns and experiences. At the first conference, hundreds of people from the fields of law, computer science, law enforcement, business, public policy, government, education, research, marketing, information providing, advocacy and a host of others met for several days. It was the first time such a diverse group had ever assembled, and the exchange of ideas and points of view was electric. The conference is "single-track" -- all participants attend all the sessions. A morning of tutorials at the beginning of the conference will help participants get up to speed in specific "hot" areas. The conference sessions themselves take up timely and, at times, thorny issues. Each session aims for a balance of perspectives in order to assist diverse groups appreciate the views of others. A brief examination of the long list of sponsoring and supporting organizations will reveal that this respect for diverse outlooks is built into the conference from the ground up. The question is no longer whether information technologies will change our world. They are, now. The real question is how we, as citizens and professionals, will respond to and manage that change. Those at the Second Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy will lead the way. Sponsors: Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Groups on Computers and Society, Communications, Security, Audit, and Control Host: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science The George Washington University Patrons: Bell Atlantic Computer Security Institute Department of Energy* Dun & Bradstreet Equifax Hayes Microcomputer Products, Inc. John Gilmore Mitchell Kapor National Institutes of Health* National Science Foundation* *applied for Co-sponsors and cooperating organizations: American Civil Liberties Union Association for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Software Engineering Association of Research Libraries Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility Electronic Frontier Foundation Federal Library and Information Center Committee First Amendment Congress Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers-USA Committee on Communications and Information Policy Library and Information Technology Association Privacy International U. S. Privacy Council The WELL (Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link) STEERING COMMITTEE Lance J. Hoffman (General Chair), The George Washington University Michael F. Brewer, Dun and Bradstreet Paul Clark (chair, Operations Committee), Trusted Information Systems Dorothy Denning (chair, Tutorials Committee), Georgetown University Peter Denning (chair, Program Committee), George Mason University David Farber, University of Pennsylvania Craig Feied, The George Washington University Medical Center Mike Gibbons, FBI Mitchell Kapor, Electronic Frontier Foundation Jane Kirtley, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press Lu Kleppinger (chair, Finance Committee), The George Washington University C. Dianne Martin, The George Washington University John McMullen (chair, Scholarship Committee), McMullen & McMullen, Inc. Lynn McNulty, NIST Ronald Plesser, Piper and Marbury Molly Raphael, D.C. Public Library Mark Rotenberg, CPSR Washington Office James Sylvester, Bell Atlantic Jim Warren, Autodesk and MicroTimes Fred Weingarten, Computing Research Association WEDNESDAY, MARCH 18, 1992 PRE-CONFERENCE TUTORIALS Group A: 9:00 a.m. Making Information Law and Policy Jane Bortnick, Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress Information policy is made (or not made) by a bewildering array of government officials and agencies. This tutorial gives a road map through this maze of laws, regulations, practices, etc. Getting on the Net Mitchell Kapor, Electronic Frontier Foundation Practical issues of access to the Internet for the nontechnical end-user, including basic services (email, USENET, ftp), PC and Mac-based network applications, and net-speak. Communications and Network Evolution Sergio Heker, JVNCNet The underlying technical infrastructure for the Internet, for persons not deeply immersed in the technology. Possible future technologies and projects, and what privacy and freedom problems they may bring. Private Sector Privacy Jeff Smith, Georgetown University An introduction to laws, rules, and practices regarding personal information gathered and stored by private organizations such as direct marketers, hospitals, etc. Group B: 10:30 a.m. Constitutional Law for Nonlawyers Harvey Silverglate, Silverglate & Good An overview of Constitutional law with special emphasis on the First, Fourth, and Fifth Amendments and the application of their principles in the information age. Computer Crime Don G. Ingraham, Alameda County District Attorney's Office Investigation, search, seizure, and evidence requirements for pursuing computer crime. For computer users, owners, sysops, and investigators and attorneys unfamiliar with computer crime practices. Modern Telecommunications: Life after Humpty Dumpty Richard S. Wolff, Bellcore Roles and relationships of the key players in telecommunications, developments in communications technology, and new services. Signaling System 7, ISDN, and advanced intelligent network features. International Privacy Developments David Flaherty, University of Western Ontario Privacy-related developments within the European community, OECD, and the United Nations, and how they affect the United States. Comparison of privacy regulations here and abroad. CONFERENCE PROGRAM 1:00-2:00 p.m. KEYNOTE ADDRESS: Al Neuharth, Chairman, The Freedom Forum and Founder, USA Today "Freedom in Cyberspace: New Wine in Old Flasks?" The differing legal and regulatory constraints on publishers of newspapers, owners of television stations, and the telephone service providers imply that some dogfights will occur and some tough decisions will have to be made to balance privacy and freedom in the coming decade, since the old wine of 1970's-era regulation will not fit into the new flasks of 21st Century. Mr. Neuharth, a self-proclaimed S.O.B., will give us a peek at his vision of what the future holds. 2:30 pm - 4 pm Who logs on? * Chair: Robert Lucky, AT&T Bell Laboratories * Panel: Linda Garcia, Office of Technology Assessment * Alfred Koeppe, New Jersey Bell * Brian Kahin, Harvard University 4:30 pm - 6 pm Ethics, Morality, and Criminality * Chair: J. Michael Gibbons, Federal Bureau of Investigation * Panel: Scott Charney, U. S. Dept. of Justice * James Settle, Federal Bureau of Investigation * Mike Godwin, Electronic Frontier Foundation * Emory Hackman, Esq. (former president, Capital Area Sysops Association) * Don Delaney, New York State Police 6:00 pm - 7:30 pm RECEPTION 9:00 pm BIRDS OF A FEATHER SESSIONS THURSDAY, MARCH 19, 1992 9:00 am - 10:30 am For Sale: Government Information * Chair: George Trubow, John Marshall Law School * Panel: Dwight Morris, Los Angeles Times Washington Bureau * Ken Allen, Information Industry Association * Patricia Glass Schuman, American Library Association * Evan Hendricks, Privacy Times * Fred Weingarten, Computing Research Association * Franklin S. Reeder, Office of Management and Budget * Costas Torreagas, Public Technology, Inc. * Robert R. Belair, Kirkpatrick and Lockhart 10:45 am - 12:15 pm Free Speech and the Public Telephone Network * Chair: Jerry Berman, ACLU Information Technology Project * Panel: Henry Geller, The Markle Foundation * Eli Noam, Columbia University * John Podesta, Podesta Associates 12:15 pm - 1:45 pm Luncheon with Address: Bruce Sterling "Speaking for the Unspeakable" Mr. Sterling will gamely attempt to publicly present the points of view of certain elements of the "computer community" who are not represented at CFP-2. He will speak up for those who, in his words, are too "venal, violent, treacherous, power-mad, suspicious or meanspirited to receive (or accept) an invitation to attend. 2:00 pm - 3:30 pm Who's in Your Genes? * Chair: Phil Reilly, Shriver Center for Mental Retardation * Panel: John Hicks, FBI Laboratory * Tom Marr, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory * Paul Mendelsohn, Neurofibromatosis, Inc. * Peter Neufeld, Esq. * Madison Powers, Kennedy Center for Ethics, Georgetown University 3:45 pm - 5:15 pm Private Collection of Personal Information * Chair: Ron Plesser, Piper and Marbury * Panel: Janlori Goldman, Privacy and Technology Project, ACLU * John Baker, Equifax * James D. McQuaid, Metromail * James Rule, SUNY-Stony Brook * Mary Culnan, Georgetown University * P. Michael Neugent, Citicorp 5:15 pm - 6:45 pm EFF Awards Reception 9:00 pm Birds of a Feather Sessions FRIDAY, MARCH 20, 1992 9:00 am - 10:30 am Privacy and intellectual freedom in the digital library * Chair: Marc Rotenberg, Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility * Panel: Robert A. Walton, CLSI, Inc. * Gordon M. Conable, Monroe (MI) County Library System * Jean Armour Polly, Liverpool (NY) Public Library 10:45 am - 12:15 pm Computers in the Workplace: Elysium or Panopticon? * Chair: Alan F. Westin, Columbia University * Panel: Gary Marx, MIT * Mark DiBernardo, National Association of Manufacturers * Kristina Zahorik, Subcommittee on Employment and Productivity, U. S. Senate Labor Committee 12:15 pm - 1:30 pm Lunch (on your own) 1:30 pm - 3:00 pm Who Holds the Keys? * Chair: Dorothy Denning * Panel: Jim Bidzos, RSA Data Security * David Bellin, Pratt Institute * John Gilmore, Cygnus Support * Whitfield Diffie, SunSoft, Inc. 3:00 pm - 4:15 pm Public Policy for the 21st Century Co-chairs: Peter J. Denning, George Mason University Lance J. Hoffman, George Washington University GENERAL INFORMATION Registration Please register for the conference by returning the Conference Registration Form (below) along with the appropriate payment -- check, Visa, or Mastercard. Registration fee includes conference materials, Thursday luncheon, and receptions. The registration is $295 for ACM members and $350 for nonmembers, $65 for full-time students. Tutorials, $95 ($35 students). Premium for Early Registration While they last, a limited number of premiums are available to early registrants on a first-come, first-served basis. Early registrants will receive by mail a voucher which they can exchange at the conference for one of a number of premiums. These include: Videotapes of CFP-1 sessions Audiotapes of CFP-1 sessions Proceedings of CFP-1 Computers Under Attack: Intruders, Worms, and Viruses by Peter Denning, editor Rogue Programs: Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses by Lance Hoffman, editor "Citizen Rights and Access to Electronic Information" by Dennis Reynolds, editor The Cuckoo's Egg by Cliff Stoll The Difference Engine by Bruce Sterling and William Gibson Confessions of an S.O.B. by Al Neuharth Cyberpunk by Katie Hafner and John Markoff CONSIDER REGISTERING BY FAXING THE REGISTRATION FORM BELOW OR TELEPHONING IF YOU ARE INTERESTED IN ONE OF THESE PREMIUMS. THEY WON'T LAST LONG! Registration Scholarships Full-time students and others wishing to apply for one of a limited number of registration scholarships should send a request to the address listed in the complete announcement, copies of which are available as described elsewhere in this shorter electronic notice. Hotel Accomodations The 1992 Computers, Freedom, and Privacy Conference will be held at the Loew's L'Enfant Plaza Hotel, Washington, DC. One of the finest hotels in the city, it is just ten minutes from Washington National Airport, five minutes from Capitol Hill. The world-renowned Smithsonian Institution Museums are located within a few blocks. To qualify for the conference rate of $105 single or $110 double, call the hotel reservation line (below) and identify yourself as a CFP-2 participant. To ensure a room at the L'Enfant Plaza, reservations should be made by February 10, 1992. After this date, rooms will be released to the public. Hotel reservations: (800) 243-1166; (202) 484-1000 (local). Transportation As a participant in CFP-2, you are eligible for discounted rates as follows: 40% off unrestricted coach fares and 5% off the lowest available fares on specified carriers (all rules and restrictions apply). To receive the best rate available call GW Travel (below) and make your reservations early. Seats may be limited. Please mention that you are attending the CFP-2 Conference. (Code C-6) GW Travel: (800) 222-1223; (301) 897-8001 (local). Accreditation The Second Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy has been approved by The George Washington University Medical Center for Category One Continuing Medical Education Units. Refund Policy Refund requests received in writing by February 28, 1992 will be honored. A $50 cancellation fee will apply. No refunds will be made after this date; however, you may send a substitute in your place. REGISTRATION FORM YOU CAN NOT REGISTER BY ELECTRONIC MAIL. YOU MAY REGISTER BY MAIL, BY FAX, OR BY PHONE. YOU CAN PRINT THIS REGISTRATION FORM OUT, FILL IT IN, AND MAIL OR FAX IT. OR YOU CAN REQUEST A PRINTED BROCHURE FROM THE "BY MAIL" ADDRESS BELOW, WHICH WILL HAVE A PRINTED ONE-PAGE REGISTRATION FORM IN IT. YOU CAN ALSO OBTAIN THIS PRINTED BROCHURE BY ELECTRONICALLY MAILING A SHORT REQUEST WITH YOUR NAME AND (POSTAL) MAIL ADDRESS TO cfp2@seas.gwu.edu. * * * * * REGISTRATION FORM * * * * * By mail: Conferences & Institutes, The George Washington University, 2003 G St. N.W., Washington, D. C. 20052 By fax (24 hrs., with credit card): Send registration form to (202) 994-7048 By phone (with credit card): (202) 994-7238 (9 a.m. to 5 p.m., EST) Name:______________________________________________________ Title:_____________________________________________________ Affiliation: ______________________________________________ Mailing address: __________________________________________ City ____________________________ State _____ Zip _________ Country (if not USA): _____________________________________ Telephone: ________________________________________________ FAX number: _______________________________________________ E-Mail address: ___________________________________________ PRIVACY NOTE: This information will not be sold, rented, loaned, exchanged, or used for any purpose other than official CFP-2 activities. A roster will be distributed to attendees. Please indicate your preference: ____ Print all information above ______ Print name only ____ Print only name, affiliation, ______ Omit all above information city, state, zip REGISTRATION FEES: Conference fee (check one) ___ ACM member ($295) ___ Non-member ($350) [includes conference materials, Thursday luncheon, and receptions] ____ Student (full-time/valid ID):___ $65 (no lunch) ___ $30 (lunch) Tutorial fee _____ Tutorial (half-day, 1 or 2 sessions, $95) (Pick 2, 75 min. each) _____ Student (half-day, 1 or 2 sessions, $35) Group A 9:00 a.m. ____ T(1) Making Information Law and Policy ____ T(2) Getting on the Net ____ T(3) Communications and Network Evolution ____ T(4) Private Sector Privacy Group B 10:30 a.m. ____ T(5) Constitutional Law for Non-lawyers ____ T(6) Computer Crime ____ T(7) Modern Telecommunications ____ T(8) International Privacy Developments Please check method of payment: Amount enclosed: $________ ____ Visa _____ MasterCard ____ Check (payable to The George Washington University) Credit card number: ______________________________________ Expiration date: _________________________________________ Name on card: ____________________________________________ Signature: _______________________________________________ For Continuing Medical Education accreditation, give state and medical #: * * * * END OF FORM * * * * * The complete announcement will be mailed to you in printed form via the postal service if you request one by telephone, fax, electronic mail, or regular mail from CFP - 2 Office of Conferences and Institutes The George Washington University 2003 G St. NW Washington DC 20052 phone (202) 994-7238 fax (202) 994-7048 email cfp2@seas.gwu.edu * * * * * * * * * END OF ANNOUNCEMENT * * * * * * * * * * Professor Lance J. Hoffman, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The George Washington University, Washington, D. C. 20052 (202) 994-4955 fax: (202) 994-0227 hoffman@seas.gwu.edu ------------------------------ End of RISKS-FORUM Digest 12.70 ************************