created by theconstellinguist on 02/02/2025 at 06:44 UTC
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1: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15248380231196115
2: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/15248380231196115
3: https://narcissismresearch.miraheze.org/wiki/AIReactiveCodependencyRageDisclaimer
4: https://narcissismresearch.miraheze.org/wiki/AIReactiveCodependencyRageDisclaimer
1. Studies were included if they were in English, measured IPV perpetration and trait narcissism, and examined the relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration.
1. Subgroup analyses revealed physical IPV perpetration was not significantly related to trait narcissism while cyber and psychological IPV perpetration were significantly, positively, weakly related to trait narcissism.
1. The relationship between trait narcissism and IPV perpetration was significantly greater for vulnerable narcissism than grandiose narcissism.
1. Overall, the quality of the included studies was high, and risk of bias was low. All measures were self-report and underreporting could be present given both narcissistic traits and IPV perpetration are considered socially undesirable.
1. While IPV affects all genders, women experience disproportionately higher victimization compared to other genders (World Health Organization & Pan American Health Organization, 2012).
1. IPV has adverse effects on a victim’s physical and mental health and has been linked to an increased risk of alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders, sleep disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, smoking, self-harm, anxiety, depression, and unsafe sexual behavior (Dillon et al., 2013; World Health Organization & Pan American Health Organization, 2012).
1. Trait theory indicates that personality traits are understood to be stable (Cervone & Pervin, 2015). Therefore, examining personality traits that are predictive of IPV perpetration, is vital to understanding how IPV is perpetrated. One such personality trait that has shown to be predictive of IPV perpetration is narcissism (Green et al., 2020).
1. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 2022) identifies narcissistic personality disorder, which is an extreme presentation of narcissistic traits that adversely impact relationships (Skodol et al., 2014).
1. Collison and Lynam (2021) conducted a meta-analysis examining the relationship between Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) and IPV perpetration and found that a significant weak positive relationship exists.
1. Whereas, vulnerable narcissism is characterized by fragile self-esteem, anger, shame, hypersensitivity to rejection, and elevated self-consciousness (Miller et al., 2021; Rohmann et al., 2012).
1. Given the hypersensitivity to rejection, present in vulnerable narcissism, it is likely that these traits may play out in romantic relationships (Rohmann et al., 2012). In contrast, the exaggeration of one’s importance, present in grandiose narcissism, may not be as closely linked to violence in intimate relationships as this relies less on the validation of others (Rohmann et al., 2012).
1. However, given that narcissism has been linked to psychological IPV perpetration in some research (Green et al., 2020) but not physical or sexual IPV perpetration in other studies (Plouffe et al., 2022; Ryan et al., 2008), it could be that narcissism is associated with psychological IPV perpetration rather than physical or sexual IPV perpetration. Hence, this review examined the relationship between narcissism and the different types of IPV perpetration (sexual, physical, psychological, and cyber).
1. Males are far more likely to be perpetrators of IPV than females (World Health Organization & Pan American Health Organization, 2012), however, no review has compared the relationship between IPV perpetration and narcissism for males and females.
1. . Overall, there was a significant, weak, positive relationship between narcissism and IPV perpetration, (r=.15, 95% CI [0.12, 0.19], p<.001, T2=0.01).
1. For IPV type, there were significant, weak, positive relationships between narcissism and cyber IPV perpetration (r=.22, p<.001), and psychological IPV perpetration (r=.18, p<.001). Physical IPV perpetration was not related to narcissism (r=.06, p=.057). The strength of the relationship differed between IPV types, p=.001. Both cyber IPV perpetration and psychological IPV perpetration had significantly larger effect sizes than physical IPV perpetration.
1. Grandiose narcissism was significantly, positively, and weakly related to IPV perpetration (r=.11, p<.001), as was vulnerable narcissism (r=.25, p<.001). There was a significantly stronger relationship between IPV perpetration and vulnerable narcissism, compared to grandiose narcissism, p<.001
1. Overall, the relationship between narcissism and IPV perpetration is small but consistent.
1. Grandiose narcissists were violent when triggered by threats to their self-esteem, while for those high in vulnerable narcissism, explosive anger episodes were triggered by fears of abandonment (Green & Charles, 2019)
1. Moreover, a meta-analysis examining differences in narcissism types in forensic rehabilitation found that grandiose narcissism was correlated to proactive violence whereas vulnerable narcissism was correlated to reactive violence mediated by impulsivity and distressing emotions (Keune et al., 2021).
1. The analysis revealed that narcissism was significantly, positively, and weakly related to cyber IPV perpetration (r=.22) and psychological IPV perpetration (r=.18). Notably, no significant relationship was found between physical IPV perpetration and narcissism. The relationship between cyber IPV perpetration and narcissism was significantly stronger than the relationship between physical IPV perpetration and narcissism.
1. Given this, violence perpetrated by people high on narcissism may be more likely to be cyber or psychological in nature. As such, future research should specify the type of violence that is perpetrated and focus on cyber and psychological forms of IPV
1. Moreover, while those high on grandiose narcissism are likely to believe in their own superiority, those with more moderate levels of narcissism may underreport narcissistic traits due to social undesirability of regarding oneself with such high esteem.
1. Self-reporting of these traits is also likely to be affected by cultural norms. Of the studies included, the majority (82%) were conducted in English and all were conducted in democratic and industrialized countries. The prevalence of IPV in these countries is similar and thus, is not representative of global IPV perpetration which varies greatly (Sardinha et al., 2022). Therefore, future research is needed to assess these relationships in non-democratic, industrialized countries.
1. This relationship is consistent with findings between IPV perpetration and NPD suggesting that narcissism need not reach pathological levels for there to be a risk of IPV.
1. Subgroup analyses found both cyber IPV and psychological IPV were significantly, positively, and weakly related to narcissism; however, no relationship was found between narcissism and physical IPV.
1. National and international policies criminalizing IPV should include cyber and psychological violence as well as physical, in cases where this has not yet been adopted.
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