created by theconstellinguist on 01/02/2024 at 22:12 UTC
9 upvotes, 5 top-level comments (showing 5)
This is a long one but extremely important (see pretty profound finding at the end, I won't put spoilers.)
Written out of concern for u/Fun-Original5187. Wish I had something like this available to me when still living with my parents.
1. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3[1][2]
1: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3
2: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3
3: https://www.reddit.com/r/zeronarcissists/
Previous Studies
1. **In Study 1 (*****n*** **= 329), male collective narcissism was associated with sexism.**
2. **Catholic collective narcissism predicted tolerance of violence against women (among men and women) over and above religious fundamentalism and in contrast to intrinsic religiosity**
3. **National collective narcissism was associated with hostile sexism among men and women** and with **benevolent sexism more strongly among women than among men.**
1. In contrast, national in-group satisfaction—a belief that the nation is of a high value—predicted rejection of benevolent and hostile sexism among women but was positively associated with hostile and benevolent sexism among men.
Tolerance of domestic violence was not affected by gender among those enmeshed in collective narcissism
1. **Among men and women collective narcissism was associated with tolerance of domestic violence against women,** whereas national in-group satisfaction was associated with rejection of violence against women.
1. The mass-shooting that took place at the University of California in 2014 **was explicitly motivated by hatred of women** (BBC News 2018[4]). Unlike interpersonal violence against women (Bushman et al. 2003[5]; Fowler and Westen 2011[6]; Mouilso and Calhoun 2016[7]; Zeigler-Hill et al. 2013[8]),
4: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR10
5: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR16
6: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR36
7: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR96
8: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR119
1. **hate crimes against women and sexism (prejudice toward and discriminatory treatment of women as a social group; Glick and Fiske** **1997**[9]**,** **2001**[10]**) are unlikely to be motivated by individual narcissism** (a personality trait defined by self-importance and need for admiration; Morf et al. 2011[11]). Instead, they may be driven by frustrated narcissistic entitlement elevated to a group level, which takes a form of *collective narcissism* that is, a belief that one’s own group’s (the in-group’s) exaggerated exceptionality is not sufficiently recognized by others (Golec de Zavala et al. 2009[12], 2019[13]; Golec de Zavala and Lantos 2020[14]).
9: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR41
10: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR42
11: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR95
12: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR48
13: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR50
14: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR53
1. Entitlement: Indeed, the University of California shooter spoke for “Incels” (i.e., self-proclaimed “involuntary celibates”), an online community of sexually frustrated men preaching hate and vengeance toward women for not recognizing their entitlement to have sex with the women they choose (Beauchamp 2019[15]; Williams 2018[16]).
15: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR11
16: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR117
1. Research has also suggested that male collective narcissism thwarts empathy toward and solidarity with women who are perceived as a threatening out-group (Górska et al. 2019[17]).
2. The present studies extend the previous research by examining, for the first time known, the associations among collective narcissism and **hostile (derogatory and antagonistic beliefs about women as a social group rooted in intergroup-level competition of men with women)** and **benevolent sexism (paternalistic prejudice based on the belief that women are passive and incompetent and should be protected).** Although positive in tone, benevolent sexism is positively associated with hostile sexism and has multiple negative consequences (Glick and Fiske 1997[18], 2001[19]).
17: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR57
18: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR41
19: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR42
1. We test these predictions in Poland, where women face the most restrictive anti-abortion laws in Europe, and their access to sexual and reproductive healthcare and information is limited. The ultra-conservative Polish government systematically harasses women activists.
Poland in particular stigmatizing women who go into activism, suggesting they do not want women to have voices or self-defense
1. **Supported by the Polish Catholic Church, it stigmatizes women activists, along with all men and women who refuse to conform to traditional gender roles** (Amnesty International 2019[20]; Human Rights Watch 2019[21]). Studies and analyses indicate that ultraconservative populists in Poland see gender equality as a threat to and a foreign “colonization” of traditional national identity (Korolczuk and Graff 2018[22], p. 797). In this vision of national identity, which attributes national prototypically to ethnically Polish, Catholic, heterosexual men, gender hierarchy is moralized and women are relegated to second-class citizenship (Graff 2010[23]; Kościańska 2014a[24], b[25]; Mole et al. 2020[26]).
20: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR7
21: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR68
22: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR77
23: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR58
24: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR78
25: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR79
26: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR94
1. More generally, national collective narcissism is associated with derogation of those disadvantaged in-group members whose emancipation threatens traditional societal hierarchies (Golec de Zavala and Keenan 2020[27]).
2. This suggests that men and women who hold collective narcissistic belief about Polish national or religious in-group may endorse sexism.
27: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR52
1. studies showed that male collective narcissism (but not non-narcissistic positive gender identification) **was associated with perceived threat from women** (Górska et al. 2019[28]). Previous research has also shown that collective narcissism **is associated with intergroup hostility because of the perception of the in-group as threatened (Golec de Zavala et al.** **2009**[29]**; Golec de Zavala and Cichocka** **2012**[30]**).**
28: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR57
29: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR48
30: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR46
1. Given this evidence, we argue that male collective narcissism is likely to be associated with sexism. Moreover, this association is likely to be driven by men perceiving their gender identity to be threatened.
1. We expect that the relationship between male collective narcissism and sexism will be mediated by ***precarious manhood*****, the belief in manhood is a form of social status that needs to be earned through repeated demonstrations of masculinity** (Bosson and Vandello 2011[31], 2013[32]; Vandello et al. 2008[33]). Men may endorse sexism because they attempt to ground the volatile status of their manhood in traditional beliefs about gender roles that sanction the privileged status of men over women.
2. Precarious manhood predicts 1. lower willingness to confront sexual prejudice (Kroeper et al. 2014[34]), 2. expressing amusement at sexist jokes (O’Connor et al. 2017[35]), and 3. **feeling threatened by women superiors at work** (Netchaeva et al. 2015[36]). In addition, when their gender prototypicality is threatened, men are 4. **more likely to harass women** (Maass et al. 2003[37]). 5. In Poland, men believe more strongly than women that the definition of gender roles should be grounded in national and religious traditions (Mole et al. 2020[38]).
Manhood and positive mood incentivize grandiose narcissism in men in collectively narcissistic societies
31: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR12
32: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR13
33: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR116
34: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR81
35: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR100
36: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR98
37: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR86
38: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR94
1. “It feels good to be the man.”
2. **False associations of depression with femininity.**
3. Indeed, men who perceive their gender status as precarious feel motivated to restore it by engaging in stereotypically male behaviours (Bosson and Vandello 2011[39]; Vandello et al. 2008[40]), **which help them to down-regulate negative mood when their manhood is threatened (Bosson et al.** **2009**[41]**).**
Belief systems justify sexism in collective narcissism
39: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR12
40: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR116
41: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR14
1. T**his belief system justifies sexism.** It is supported by the dominant populist narrative about national identity in Poland rooted in associations with traditional Catholic values (Graff 2010[42]; Mole et al. 2020[43]). **Thus, we expected that Catholic and national collective narcissism also may be linked to sexism in Poland.**
42: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR58
43: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR94
1. Psychological studies have linked Catholic religiosity to sexism (Glick, Lameiras, & Rodriguez Castro, 2002; in Poland, Mikołajczak and Pietrzak 2014[44]) and **showed that priming Catholic religious identity increased benevolent sexism and acceptance of gender inequality among men and women (Haggard et al.** **2019**[45]**). However, studies also suggest that Catholic religiosity may be related to egalitarian values and tolerance (Hansen et al.** **2018**[46]**).** We propose that the dual function of religion needs to be taken into account for a better understanding of the association between religiosity and sexism.
“My religion’s God and way is the only God and way.”
44: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR92
45: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR61
46: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR63
1. **Religious fundamentalism** (i.e., a belief that literally understood religious teachings are infallible and the sole repository of fundamental truths that must be obeyed in accordance with tradition; Kirkpatrick and Locke 1991[47]; Altemeyer and Hunsberger 1992[48]) **is linked to sexism regardless of the type of religion** (Hannover et al. 2018[49]).
“There are some parts of life that must be treated as holy, because they are holy.”
47: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR75
48: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR3
49: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR62
1. **However, intrinsic religiosity** (i.e., treating religious faith as an intrinsic end in itself) **is negatively associated with hostile sexism** (Burn and Busso 2005[50]). More generally, intrinsic religiosity is negatively associated with prejudice
“I’m a family man/woman and part of that is going to church.”
50: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR15
1. **extrinsic religious orientation** (treating religious faith as instrumental to ends such as social identity, belonging or social status) is positively associated with prejudice (Batson et al. 1986[51]).
Racism is different in extrinsic vs. intrinsic religiosity as well, but not homophobia
51: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR8
1. For example, some studies indicate that intrinsic religious orientation is associated with tolerance toward minorities, unlike religious fundamentalism and extrinsic religious orientation which predict racism, sexism or homophobia (Kirkpatrick 1993[52]).
2. **However, other studies suggest that extrinsic and intrinsic religious orientations predict prejudice toward gay men and lesbians because rejection of those groups is prescribed by religious teaching** (Herek 1987[53]).
3. **The institution of marriage is the “holy” thing that is put above the existence of love without institution.** 1. Ironically, many people in the gay community still are pro-institution despite this.
52: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR76
53: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR66
1. Both men and women are **more likely to endorse sexism when they perceive it as normative and gender inequality as desirable** (Sibley et al. 2007a[54]). More generally, people are more likely to adhere to normative beliefs of groups they identify with and treat this adherence as an expression of positively valued social identity (Ellemers et al. 2013[55]).
2. Studies also suggest that positive identification with a common, superordinate identity increases acceptance of beliefs justifying normative group-based inequalities among advantaged (Lowery et al. 2006[56]) and disadvantaged sub-groups (Dovidio et al. 2007[57], 2009[58];). 1. “I’ll take the club membership and just go with the rules. The club membership is more important.”
54: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR108
55: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR31
56: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR84
57: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR28
58: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR29
1. Beliefs conveying the prescription of equality and tolerance are more likely to be associated with rejection of sexism, whereas beliefs conveying intergroup antagonism and hierarchy are likely to be positively associated with sexism.
1. “America is the best nation on earth” is not the same as “I am lucky to born American, we have a lot of great opportunities and infrastructure other countries do not have.”
2. National collective narcissism and national in-group satisfaction are alternative positive beliefs about the same nation. National in-group satisfaction is a belief that membership in the nation is good and a reason to be proud (Leach et al. 2008[59]; it has also been named private collective self-esteem, Crocker and Luhtanen (1990[60]) or, with reference to a national in-group, genuine or constructive patriotism (Adorno et al. 1950[61]; Kosterman and Feshbach 1989[62]; Schatz et al. 1999[63]; Staub 1997[64]).
3. **Studies suggest that national collective narcissism and national in-group satisfaction convey different prescriptions regarding intergroup attitudes and attitudes toward minorities within the nation** (for review see, Golec de Zavala et al. 2019[65]; Golec de Zavala and Lantos 2020[66]).
59: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR82
60: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR22
61: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR1
62: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR80
63: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR105
64: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR111
65: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR50
66: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR53
1. Collective narcissism prescribes distrust and hostility as normative in intergroup relations, whereas national in-group satisfaction prescribes equality and intergroup tolerance, especially after its overlap with collective narcissism is partialled out (Golec de Zavala et al. 2016[67], 2020[68]). Whereas collective narcissism predicts intergroup hostility in response to perceived threat to the in-group’s positive image, in-group satisfaction does not (Golec de Zavala et al. 2013b[69]).
2. **Whereas collective narcissism is associated with prejudice toward minorities** (ethnic, Lyons et al. 2010[70]; sexual, Mole et al. 2020[71]), **national in-group satisfaction is not** (Golec de Zavala et al. 2013a[72], 2020[73]).
“If you don’t like it, leave!” (collective narcissism, inerrancy) vs. “Let’s get that on the ballot.” (in-group satisfaction, interest in increasing across the board possible satisfaction)
67: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR55
68: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR51
69: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR49
70: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR85
71: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR94
72: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR47
73: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR51
1. **Collective narcissism is associated with hypersensitivity to national image threat** (Golec de Zavala et al. 2016[74]), whereas **national in-group satisfaction is associated with acceptance of criticism and the possibility that the national in-group can be improved (not currently threatened, doing well)** (Golec de Zavala et al. 2013a[75], b[76])
74: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR55
75: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR47
76: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR49
1. In addition, in Poland, **the belief that nontraditional women and gender equality threaten the national identity is positively associated with national collective narcissism and negatively associated with national in-group satisfaction** (Mole et al. 2020[77]).
77: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR94
1. Going beyond the previous findings, we expect that unlike national in-group satisfaction, national collective narcissism may be positively associated with hostile sexism including tolerance of domestic violence against women.
1. This is a good example of benevolence covering up for torture/hate crime out of vanity.
2. Additionally, we expect that gender may moderate the specific association between beliefs about national identity (collective narcissism vs. in-group satisfaction) and **benevolent sexism because men and women find benevolent sexism more acceptable than hostile sexism due to its superficial positivity** (Glick and Fiske 2001[78]).
78: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR42
1. Men who reject hostile sexism may endorse benevolent sexism because it gives them advantage in access to power and status. They may be more likely to endorse benevolent sexism the more they uphold either positive belief about national identity.
2. **On the other hand, women may endorse benevolent sexism to protect the positive image of their national in-group when they are psychologically invested in this image, but reject benevolent sexism when they are not.**
3. Like other members of disadvantaged groups who internalize beliefs that maintain inequality, **women internalize benevolent sexism to protect self-esteem (Jost and Kay** **2005**[79]**).**
4. By strengthening their sense of self-worth, national in-group satisfaction may motivate women to reject beliefs that justify their disadvantaged position in gender hierarchy.
5. In addition, in-group satisfaction is associated with a need to use personal strengths toward the betterment of the in-group (Amiot and Sansfaçon 2011[80]). Thus, **women with high national in-group satisfaction may also act in support of gender equality to advance and improve their national in-group.**
79: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR73
80: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR6
81: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR51
82: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR52
83: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR54
1. When their self-esteem and self-importance needs are invested in a national in-group, **women may find it difficult to dissociate from this group and may be particularly motivated to adhere to its normative gender hierarchy and endorse benevolent sexism and their place in the gender hierarchy even more strongly than men.**
1. Narcissistic societies hit and abused into becoming more like the narcissist by administrations/leaders that should not be in power often generate more narcissists.
2. Given that collective and individual narcissism positively overlap (Golec de Zavala et al. 2019[84]), **it is crucial to specify that collective, rather than individual, narcissism is independently associated with sexism.**
3. **Collective male narcissism create individual male sexists, and these male sexists identify more strongly with these beliefs among themselves.**
​
84: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR50
Comment by grayyy_sea at 03/02/2024 at 01:05 UTC
3 upvotes, 1 direct replies
Saving to read tomorrow morning; raised Polish Catholic w/ CSA on fathers side intergenerational and across that family (ending w/ me); psychopathy, narcissism, Catholicism, fascism combined—still hitting too close to home to read abt predatory creatures and demons at night.
I follow this sub v closely and am grateful for the work you’re putting in here. Like, my dumb little words don’t do justice. As a survivor, reading about the pathology from a methodological study perspective is as weird as it may sound, comforting. This narc shit doesn’t belong here and it’s a cancer and a scourge.
Comment by theconstellinguist at 01/02/2024 at 22:13 UTC*
2 upvotes, 0 direct replies
1. Collective narcissism with reference to male gender identity was assessed with the five-item Collective Narcissism Scale (Golec de Zavala et al. 2009[1]; e.g., “Men deserve special treatment”)
2. We averaged items to produce an overall male collective narcissism score, where higher values denoted stronger collective narcissism.
3. In-group satisfaction was assessed with the four-item in-group satisfaction subscale of the Polish version of the In-group Identity Scale (e.g., “I am glad to be a man”; α =���.84).
4. We assessed precarious manhood with the seven-item scale (Vandello et al. 2008[2]; e.g., “It is fairly easy for a man to lose his status as a man”; α = .72)
5. We measured traditional gender beliefs with seven items from the Traditional Beliefs about Gender and Gender Identity Scale pertaining to endorsement of a traditional gender hierarchy and behaviours prescribed by gender stereotypes (α = .72)
6. Ambivalent sexism was assessed with the Polish translation of hostile and benevolent sexism subscales of the 12-item version of the Ambivalent Sexism Scale. The scale has demonstrated validity and internal consistency in previous research (overall scale: αs = .83–92; subscales: .73–.92; Glick and Fiske 1996[3], 1997[4]; Mikołajczak and Pietrzak 2014[5]; Rollero et al. 2014[6]).
7. Collective narcissism with reference to the religious in-group was measured as in Study 1 but the items were changed to refer to Catholics (e.g., “Catholics deserve special treatment”; α = .95).
8. We measured national collective narcissism with a five-item Collective Narcissism Scale used with reference to a national in-group (Golec de Zavala et al. 2009[7], 2020[8]; e.g., “Poland deserves special treatment”; α = .92
9. In-group satisfaction was assessed with the four-item in-group satisfaction subscale of the Polish version of the In-group Identity Scale (Jaworska 2016[9]; Leach et al. 2008[10]; e.g., “I am glad to be Polish”: α = .94).
1: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR48
2: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR116
3: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR40
4: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR41
5: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR92
6: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR102
7: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR48
8: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR51
9: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR70
10: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR82
1. 6-item Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al. 2006[11]), which was used in previous research (Golec de Zavala et al. 2016[12]).
11: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR5
12: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR55
1. We assessed religious fundamentalism with the 12-item scale proposed by Altemeyer and Hunsberger (2004[13]). The items pertain to the belief in only one set of religious teachings that contains the fundamental, inerrant truth about humanity and its deity which must be followed according to immutable past practice (e.g. “God has given humanity a complete, unfailing guide to happiness and salvation, which must be totally followed”; α = .91).
2. I**nerrant truth should be correctly shown to be inherently narcissistic, as narcissists do not take the advice of others viewing them as incompetent** 1. https://www.reddit.com/r/zeronarcissists/comments/1aftej1/narcissists%5C_spite%5C_accountability%5C_features%5C_because/[14][15]
3. The six items assessing intrinsic religiosity pertain to an intrinsic motivation to engage in religious activities, such as prayer or attendance in service (e.g., “I pray at home because it helps me be aware of God’s presence”; α = .91).
4. The six items assessing extrinsic religiosity pertain to an extrinsic motivation and external incentives to religious activities (e.g. “I go to church because it helps me to feel part of a community”; α = .96).
13: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR4
In consultation with four experts in psychology and social anthropology we created three items:
1. “A husband can sometimes hit his wife to teach her a lesson,”
2. “A husband can demand that his wife uses or does not use contraception,”
3. “A wife should seek her husband’s approval of people she associates with” (α = .80).
1. The six items of hostile sexism subscale tap into sexist antipathy (e.g. “Women seek to gain power by getting control over men”; α = .81).
2. **Hostile and benevolent sexism were positively correlated,** *r*(327) = .23, *p* < .001. The predicted relationships were the same for both, benevolent, and hostile sexism. **Aka, benevolent and hostile sexists were both equally sexist. There was no mitigating effect in the damage done, despite vanities that might have hoped otherwise. It has also been proven that benevolent sexists will quickly turn into hostile sexists if sufficiently threatened from a dominance perspective and the benevolence is therefore meaningless because it refers to no core difference. (ex: Rodger)**
1. The benevolent sexism subscale consists of items pertaining to viewing women stereotypically in restricted roles (e.g. “Many women have a quality of purity that few men possess”; α = .74).
2. Hostile and benevolent sexism were positively correlated, *r*(327) = .23, *p* < .001. The predicted relationships were the same for both, benevolent, and hostile sexism. Aka, benevolent and hostile sexists were both equally sexist. There was no mitigating effect in the damage done, despite vanities that might have hoped otherwise.
3. **It has also been proven that benevolent sexists will quickly turn into hostile sexists if sufficiently threatened from a dominance perspective and the benevolence is therefore meaningless because it refers to no core difference (Elliot Rodger, “the perfect gentleman”).**
Comment by theconstellinguist at 01/02/2024 at 22:15 UTC
2 upvotes, 0 direct replies
1. Male collective narcissism and in-group satisfaction were positively correlated. Both were positively associated with traditional gender beliefs and sexism, but unlike collective narcissism, in-group satisfaction was not related to precarious manhood
2. **This suggests that the role of other social identifications as predictors of sexism should be also considered.** 1. **“I was raised Catholic/am Catholic and enjoy the benefits of sexism that brings to me as a man in my family and social environment.” (even if the person is not actively Catholic)**
📷***
1. Interestingly, political conservatism was positively associated with collective narcissism and all three forms of religious identification only among women but not among men. Tolerance of violence against women and religious fundamentalism were higher among men than women.
2. **It should be noted inerrancy is not established by use of force, Use of force is completely dependent on the force available to established inerrancy (can run out of energy and be errant at any time); force is not infinite and inextinguishable, energy is finite, especially energy of a forceful sort, showing a fundamental logical error in fundamentalism.**
1. This means that men and women tolerate violence against women when they endorse Catholic collective narcissism
1. Those results are in line with findings indicating that women internalize benevolent sexism (Sibley et al. 2007a[1], b[2], 2009[3]).
2. National narcissism predicted acceptance of violence against women. 1. In line with Hypothesis 3, the results of Study 3 indicate that across genders, national collective narcissism is a unique predictor of all forms of sexism in comparison to national in-group satisfaction.
1: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR108
2: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR109
3: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR107
1. ***The profundity of this result should not be minimized. All of these collective narcissisms are premised on subjugation, specifically the subjugation of women.***
2. The present results converge to indicate that sexism is embedded in several social identities provided that their content is defined by collective narcissism: a belief that the in-group is exceptional but not sufficiently recognized by others (Golec de Zavala et al. 2009[4], 2019[5])
3. Male collective narcissism was associated with sexism via a sequential mediation of precarious manhood and traditional gender beliefs that predicted hostile and benevolent sexism. **Thus, collective narcissism among men was associated with uncertainty regarding their social status related to an attempt to ground it in traditional gender beliefs promoting male dominance over women.**
4. **The more “self” based maleness is “I am a man because I am a man” (meaningless and non-analytical), the more men would seek out enforcing it through misogynistic and other hierarchy beliefs.**
5. They indicate that the more they feel uncertain about their status men may seek to stabilize it by adhering to beliefs that justify existing gender inequalities.
6. **If there is a stable definition, this is less likely to happen.**
7. **Stable definition: “A man is someone who identifies as male, irregardless of whether or not people attack him as such to enforce gender roles.” (non social-comparative and therefore non-narcissistic)**
8. **Thus male narcissism is more likely to prevail in societies that do not accept trans men as real men in the same way they don’t accept cis men as real men unless showing certain conditions.**
9. The present results elucidate that male collective narcissism is associated with sexism and endorsement of gender inequality when men feel their masculinity is threatened.
4: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR48
5: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR50
1. This suggests that the more women seek emancipation, the more this may trigger hostility and resistance of collectively narcissistic men who are uncertain of their status because **the very infrastructure of their beliefs depends on the “fuel” of subjugated women who are not maximizing their self-interest.**
2. They resent there will be less subjugating situations to witness that reinforce the masculinity they are deeply unsure of. 1. This may be disguised in addiction to porn, gore porn from femicidal and/or third world countries, or other types of porn that include the humiliation of women. **In fact, it is just fuel for male narcissism to “earn the rent of maleness” each day.**
1. Although religious collective narcissism and religious fundamentalism are associated with acceptance of domestic violence toward women with almost equal strength, intrinsic religious orientation is associated with opposition to domestic violence against women.
2. Selecting for internal religiosity is therefore in the interest of heterosexual women; selecting that the man in question views things as actually holy in some facet of their life.
Comment by theconstellinguist at 01/02/2024 at 22:15 UTC
2 upvotes, 0 direct replies
1. National collective narcissism, national in-group satisfaction, as well as benevolent and hostile sexism were higher among participants who declared intention to vote for the conservative ruling *Prawo i Sprawiedliwosc* than participants who declared intention to vote for centrist and leftist parties. This may explain why some Polish men *and* women publicly and passionately express sexist beliefs that undermine women and maintain gender-based hierarchy (Davies 2016[1]).
2. **Women high on national collective narcissism are likely to support oppressive policies regarding women,** like women representing the Life and Family Foundation, a proponent of the “Stop abortion” bill (Shukla and Klosok 2020[2])—the most restrictive abortion law penalizing any case of abortion—or those women who publicly undermine proponents of reproductive women’s rights as “fans of killing babies” (Davies 2016[3], para 13).
1: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR25
2: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR106
3: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR25
1. ***This meant they were more likely to be democratic, take criticism, and improve in healthy ways. This can predict that collective narcissism may be a pride-based sunk fallacy defense to in-group dissatisfaction, where people are not actually satisfied with their nation, but have invested too much in it (look at Trump fraud victims who kept supporting Trump, while collective narcissism skyrocketing as a defense for the crime they went through at their alleged in-group’s hands)***
2. The present results align with previous work indicating that individuals with high in-group satisfaction may feel in a position to act on behalf of their in-group to enhance it toward greater benefit of all members (Amiot and Sansfaçon 2011[4]; Jans et al. 2012[5]; Legault and Amiot 2014[6]).
4: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR6
5: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR69
6: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-020-01193-3#ref-CR83
1. National and religious identities in Poland are closely related. This is not the case in America except in some areas (areas close to Mexico, for example).
2. Russian Orthodox and being Russian is another good example that can exacerbate national narcissism and why Putin, a homicidal narcissist, relies on the church so strongly to direct what Russia does.
1. **However, patriotic Polish women, in contrast to women who endorse Polish collective narcissism, actively oppose sexism and can capitalize on their positive identification with the national group to develop emotional resilience while challenging gender inequality.**
Comment by LowkeyMisomaniac at 04/04/2024 at 04:07 UTC
1 upvotes, 1 direct replies
Omg thank you so much OP. I’m currently working on a paper dealing with authoritarian populism in Eastern Europe and this is so helpful regarding the collective narcissism angle!