Comment by diogenesthehopeful on 16/09/2024 at 05:10 UTC

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I don't know why you say Newton was not a determinist.

https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-principia/#DefAbsSpaTimMot[1][2]

1: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-principia/#DefAbsSpaTimMot

2: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-principia/#DefAbsSpaTimMot

It is important to recognize that, in calling the referents of the defined terms “quantities,” Newton is assigning them to the ontological category of quantity in Aristotle's sense. Thus force and motion are quantities that have direction as well as magnitude, and it makes no sense to talk of forces as individuated entities or substances. Newton's laws of motion and the propositions derived from them involve relations among quantities, not among objects. In place of “no entity without identity,” we have “no quantity without definite proportions;”^([)^(19)[3]^(]) and the demand on measurement is to supply values that unequivocally yield an adequate approximation to these definite proportions.

3: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-principia/notes.html#19

As you can see Newton's causality is firmly planted in the correct side of Hume's fork (where Hume put it and where Kant acknowledged that it belongs).

Einstein, who should have known something about relativity, was explicitly a determinist.

So in other words, he didn't like "spooky action at a distance" and therefore argued QM was incomplete in the 1935 EPR paper:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Podolsky%E2%80%93Rosen%5C_paradox[4][5]

4: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Podolsky%E2%80%93Rosen%5C_paradox

5: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Podolsky%E2%80%93Rosen_paradox

The **Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen** (**EPR**) **paradox** is a thought experiment[6] proposed by physicists Albert Einstein[7], Boris Podolsky[8] and Nathan Rosen[9] which argues that the description of physical reality provided by quantum mechanics[10] is incomplete.

6: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thought_experiment

7: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein

8: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Podolsky

9: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathan_Rosen

10: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics

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