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Yes, the government benefits because the economy benefits.
The government takes the tax money. It is meant to invest that money and make more money / infrastructure that will help society run. Yay for the government, it has more money and can make more money.
If a person doesn’t manage their money well and runs out when they get old, they might be stuck either mooching off of family or begging/stealing. The government gets no benefit from this. If the old person gets arrested for stealing to survive the government will actively lose money keeping them in prison.
If the government gives the poor old person money, they will spend it on food and living expenses. The government benefits because this goes to businesses. The business pays its worker, which is taxed. The business also buys / imports goods, which are taxed. And the old person doesn’t go to prison, which saves money.
The UAE and places like Qatar get their tax money differently, by having a whole bunch of resources that they nationalise and export. They don’t get much benefit from funding the poor people because the return tax wise doesn’t exist. They also don’t have as many poor people - they have small populations of citizens who tend to be relatively wealthy with stronger family connections, and the poor of society are mostly migrant workers who are not permitted to stay once they’re old and not able to work. So they don’t face the same consequences as a lot of other countries do if all those poor migrant workers were locals.
There's nothing here!